Description
What type of agriculture is being studied in Argentina?
Cereals, oilseeds and vegetables
What are the main characteristics of the case study?
Argentina is one of the world’s major exporters of soybeans and wheat, as well as meat (e.g., beef). The Argentinian case study site is located within the Buenos Aires region, which is is relatively mild and has an average temperature of 16C and rainfall of 45 inches. Wheat, corn and oilseeds are key crops in the Buenos Aires region.
When are pesticides applied?
All year round depending on the crop.
Which pesticides are relied on the most in the area?
Both conventional and organic farms use several crop protection products in Argentina.
The PPPs used on conventional farms include:
Herbicides: Acetoclor, atrazine, diclosulam, flurocliridona, glyphosate, imazapic, imazapir
Insecticides: Clorpirifos, aletrina, carbaril, carbofuram, imidacloprid, fipronil
Fungicides: Epoxiconazol, kresoxim metil, metalaxil, metconazo, tebuconazol, triticonazol.
Sample numbers
Both conventional and organic systems contributed to the farming system. For example, ‘Cat Organic’ refers to a cat sampled from an organic farm.
| Environment (total 57 samples ) | |
|---|---|
| Soil | 14 |
| Crop | 19 |
| Earthworm | 5 |
| Indoor dust | 13 |
| Water | 6 |
| Human (total 289 samples) | |
|---|---|
| Conventional farmer Male | 55 |
| Conventional farmer Female | 24 |
| Neighbour Male | 52 |
| Neighbour Female | 58 |
| Consumer Male | 32 |
| Consumer Female | 68 |
| Animal (total 130 samples) | |
|---|---|
| Cow Conventional | 70 |
| Cow Organic | 60 |
Explanation of the figure
The ‘heatmap’ figures show the relative pesticide content in environmental, human or animal matrices. Select a tab from “Environment”, “Human” or “Animal” to explore the detailed content of each compartment. Name of the matrices are displayed in the lower light grey bars (X-axis), where the X-axis are labeled with different categories of sampling stratified by farm management types, human characteristics, animal types and/or sex, etc.
- Color legend: the darker the purple squares are, the higher the pesticide concentration is. Light orange means ‘tested & not detected (<LOD)'
- X-axis labels:
- Environment:
- CF: Conventional farm.
- OF: Organic farm.
- Human:
- F_CF: Female (F) conventional (C) farmer (F).
- M_CF: Male (M) conventional (C) farmer (F).
- F_OF: Female (F) Organic (O) farmer (F).
- M_OF: Male (M) Organic (O) farmer (F)
- F_Neighbour: Female (F) neighbour.
- M_Neighbour: Male (M) neighbour.
- F_Consumer: Female (F) consumer.
- M_ Consumer: Male (M) consumer.
- Animal:
- CF: Conventional farm.
- OF: Organic farm.
- Environment:
The different compounds are listed on the Y - axis, classified according to the pesticide type and EU approval status in 2021:
- A-I: Approved insecticide
- A-H: Approved herbicide
- A-F: Approved fungicide
- A_MT: Approved metabolite
- NA-I: Not approved insecticide
- NH: Not approved herbicide
- NA-F: Not approved fungicide
- NA_MT: Not approved metabolite
- S: Synergist
- UM: Urine metabolite
By clicking on the columns of different matrices or country names, for example: “Urine”, or “Denmark”. You will be directed to the country x matrix page where detailed statistics on three levels of information are revealed in this page:
- Most frequently detected compounds in a matrix in a specific country with its median concentration.
- Number of compounds tested and detected according to their approval status (Approved, Not approved, CfS (candidate for substitution) or synergist) in a matrix in a specific country.
- Number and total concentration of pesticide detected in each sample in the matrix in the country.