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Portugal

Description

What type of agriculture is being studied in Portugal?

Viticulture (grapes for wine)

What are the main characteristics of the site?

This case study is located in the Bairrada Region of Portugal. The climate here is Mediterranean with mild, wet winters and warm, dry summers. The average annual rainfall and temperature in the region is 925 mm and 15.7 °C. The dominant land use in this region is for vineyards (≈6500ha). The remaining area is covered by maritime pine plantations, annual rain-fed crops (e.g., corn, potato) and pastures, eucalypt plantations and mixed (pine and eucalypt) forests. Most of the farming systems are small to medium in size with most adopting integrated production with minimum tillage and regulated application of fertilizers and phytosanitary treatments.

When are pesticides applied?

The growing season for vineyards is all year round, but PPPs are typically applied between March-July.

Which pesticides are relied on the most in the area?

Conventional vineyard farmers use several PPPs. The most commonly used in the case study area appear to be glyphosate, cymoxanil, folpet, and azoxystrobin. Organic farmers, meanwhile, apply copper sulphate, sulphur, and mineral oils.

 

Environment