Outdoor air sampling and analyses
Sampling of outdoor air and dust was carried out during a period of approximately 2 months during the growing season using a TIEM passive air sampling device (Kruse-Plaß et al., 2021). Two devices were installed per CSS and were Installed one month before the mid growing season/sampling campaign ensuring overlap with sampling of the other environmental samples. The TIEM head collector was installed 1.5 meters from the soil surface. The device uses a polyurethane foam (PUF) disk to absorb (semi) volatile pesticides from the gas phase by diffusion, and polyester foam filters (PEF), to collect particulate matter by diffusion to analyse glyphosate and AMPA. After 8 weeks, the filters were removed from each device and sent to the KWALIS, Fulda, Germany for analysis.
Each dot in the graph below shows the total pesticide concentration (i.e., the sum of all detected pesticides) for an individual sample. By clicking on each graph, you can view more in-depth information on the most frequently detected pesticides in the samples, including their median concentrations and the analysis results grouped by detection status and regulatory category.
For visualization, the Y-axis was plotted on a log scale, but all values represent the original measurements.
Relevant Publications: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2023.108280